Roofing.



S. M. FORD.

ROOFING.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 21-1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET l.

172276223 07: Jiadflfmd.

S. M. FORD.

ROOFING.

APPLICATION FILED FEB. 21. 1916.

2 SHEETS-SHEET 2.

iii. 15

Patented Dec 26, 1916.

SILAS M. roan, or en PAUL, inmnnso'rn;

ROOFING.

Specification of Letters I atent.

Patented Dec. 26, 1916.

Application filed Februaryfl, 1916. Serial No. 79,608.

To all whom it'may concern:

Be it known that I, SILAS M. FORD, a citizen of the United States, residing at St.

Paul, in the county of Ramsey and State of Minnesota, have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Roofing.

.vide a lock on the top end of This invention relates more specifically to a type of shingle or shingle strips made of prepared roofing and adapted to be laid on a roof in the same manner as the ordinary wooden shingle.

One object of my invention is to provide in a shingle a stop or dam at approximately the point at which the shingles will lap, so that rain cannot be driven up between the shingles. i

Another object of my invention is to pro- 4 the shingle adapted to register with the lock and dam formed in thecentral portion of the shingle below. 1 I Another object of my invention is to provide a nailing point for laying shingles on a roof in such manner that the nail will pierce the dam or look, passing through an unusual number (if thicknessesof shingle material, and at the same time be covered from exposure to the weather by the butt of the shingle above.

Another object of my invention is to provide at the butt end of the shingle a downwardly turned projection that will prevent the wind from getting under the butt of the shingle and tend to lift'it from the roof.

Another object of my invention is to pro.- vide in double shingles or shingle strips a slot or slots in the lower half of the shingle to preserve the appearance of unit shingles, and in the upper tangular aperture in the same line as the slots, so that the slots and the aperture will serve as expansion-points for the shingle strip, and a tongue portion of the shingle may be folded over to seal the aperture in the upper half.

Another object of my invention is to provide in a double shingle or shingle'strip a slot in the lower half of the. shingle to preserve the appearance of unit shingles, with amarginal strip running transversely ofthe shingles at the lower hold together the tabs formed by the slots, in such a manner that this strip will not half ofthe shingles a rec-' end, to strengthen or serve to dam water that might be running down the surface of a roof covered with the shingle strips.

Another object of my invention is to provide a nailing point close to the butt to strengthen the shingles against being lifted by the wind, the nailing point comprising also a reinforcing cleat for the shingle below, and serving as a gage line for laying the shingles.

\Vith these and incidental objects in view the invention consists of certain novel features of construction and combination of parts, the essential elements of which are hereinafter described with reference to the drawings which accompany and form a part of this specification.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is a plan view of my improved shingle. Fig. 2 is a side elevation of thesame. Fig. 3 is a side elevation of a portion of a roof laid with this type of shingle, and Fig. 4 is an enlarged cross-sectional detail to show the method of nailing. Fig. 5 is a plan view of an alternate construction of my shingle, andFig. 6 is a side elevation of the sam Fig. 7 is a side elevation of a portion of a: roof laid with this type of shingle. Fig. 8 is a plan view of a still further modification of my shingle, and Fig. 9 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 10 is a side elevation of a portion 'of a roof laid with this modified type of shingle. Fig. 11 is a plan view of double shingle or shingle. strip embodying my invention, and Fig. .12 is a side elevation of the same. Fig. 13 is a perspective view of a modified type of double shingle embodying my invention, and Fig. 14 is a side elevation of a portion of a roof laid with this type of double shingle. Fig. 15 is a perspective view of a modification of the shingle strip shown in Fig. 13, and Fig.

of the ortion of 16 shows a development .A, Fig. 15.

the shingle strip shown at it will be seen from Figs. 1 and 2 that the butt of the shingle 1 is plain, while the top 2 has a return fold extending transversely across it, and there is also a Z-shaped told 3 substantially at the center of the body of the shingle extending transversely thereof.

Figs. 3 and 4 show that when the shingles are laid on a roof, there will be at the nailing points along the Z shaped fold five shingle itself, Y

effective means in Fig. 10.

thicknesses of the material for 'the' nail to penetrate, while the butt 1 of the shingle above will cover the heads of the nails used in fastening the shingles, also the fold 3 looks in the fold 2 of'the shingle below, forming substantially --a cleat extending across the shingles at the central portion thereof. It is also apparent that the fold 3 serves as an absolute dam against water being blown-up under the shingles on the and the fold 3 taken in conunction with the fold 2 of the shingle below, forms a complete dam against .water getting in between shingles in whatis 0rinarily known as the gutter,- and being blown up "under the shingles. In order to make a better looking butt on the shingles after they are laid, I bend the lower edge of the butt 4, Figs. 5 and 6, at substantially right angles to the butt, so that the bendso formed extendsdown over and covers the joint between folds 2 and 3 when the shingles'are laid, as plainly seen in Fig. 7.

As a further protection against wind or rain getting in between the shingles, I provide an extension 5 at the top of the shingle at the fold 2, Figs. 8 and 9, thus giving a longer lap at the point 6, as plainly shown In double shingles or shingle strips, I cut a slot 7, Fig. 11, this slot being spacedequally in shingle strips, and it isevident that the folds 2 and 3, Figs. 11 and 12, will form a dam that will absolutely prevent water passing up under the slots as shown, equally as well as with the plain shingles heretofore described, and the slots will serve also to take up the expansion in the lower part of the shingle strip. As a still more for taking up exp'ansion,-I sometimes shear a tongue 8, Fig. 13, from the double shingles or shingle, strips, leaving cover the slot 9 half of the shingle, the two aslot 7 and fold this tongue back. tight agamst the upper part of the shingle to punched out of the upper Sldts 7 and 9 t us serving to take up the expansion in the body of the shingle, except the folds themselves, which being heavier and comprising t e nailing points for the shingles are better able to take care of the expansion thanthe remaining portion of the shingle strips.

- ,In- Fig. 13, the tongue 8 is slightly lifted from the top of the shingle, in order to.

better disclose the slot 9, but in practice. this would be pressed down tightly against the slot. Similarly, in Fig. 15 I'show a method of reinforcing the tabsfformed in the lower half of the shingle,' in the style shown in Fig. 13. These rein-f oreements comprise a longitudinal strip 10,;E1g./1 5', at the lower .edgeof'the buttofthe shingle, the. slot in the case being cut jout'of the body, but exthe shingle, It will.

' swing about the junction of be noted, however, that the lower half of the slot extends down below the folding line 11, Fig. 16, of the reinforcing strip, '50 that when this is folded over and serves as a facfing tocover the joints 2 and 3, similar to and 6, any water'in the the slot 7, Fig. 15, will the lower end of the slot coated with mineral coating, while the surface above will be free of mineral coating,

and in all of the variations shown, the

shingle or shingle strip would preferably surfaced in this manner; I prefer to use for my shingle a waterproofed fibrous material, which is made from the fibrous it with a'water-proofing compound, the surplus of which is all squeezed from the stock,

. the-upper face of the material is then given a heavi coating of 3a weather-proofing compound, and. such portions as are to be exposed to the weather preferably covered with a mineral surfacing. With a shingle made from such stock, the surfaces 20 and 21 will have the weather-proofing compound thereon, which is of a while the surfaces 22 and 23 will have only portion of the strip- I shingles made from material by impregnating very tacky nature,

the water-proofing compound, which has been squeezed out of the stock, so that very little is on the surface, and hence these surfaces 22 and 23 are of a much less tac nature. 'The surfaces 24 and 25have the weather-proofing compound thereon, and I are therefore tacky, and for shipping purposes I prefer to cover these surfaces with a tale powder. 7

When the; shingle is finished the fold 3 will 'be pressed tightly, and hence the surfaces 20 and 21 will amalgamate together on account of their tacky nature, whereas the surfaces 22 and 23 will not and the'upper portion of theshingle can 23, as a hinge. tightly in. manufacture, and as a certain amount of talc powder is used these surfaces will not adhere tightly.

In laying shingles, the first row would be nailed through the fold 3', and the shingles to' form the second row would he slipped into the fold 2 of the first rpw, the upper portionof the shingle being bent forwardly at the free hingejoint of.the fold 3, so as,

to facilitate laying. of the shingles. Then the row would be tacked through the'fold so amalgamate,

surfaces21' and The fold 2 is not pressed these constructions, as

surfaces 2i and 25, under the nailing pressure will cause the surfaces to amalgamate.

While I have described my invention and illustrated it in several designs, I do not wish it understood that'lt limit myself to it is evident that the application of my invention may be varied ered and closed in many ways within the scope of the following claims:

1. As an article of manufacture a double shingle or shingle strip having a fold running transversely thereof, at substantially the center thereof, slots running longitudinally thereof in the lower half of said double shingles or shingles strips, a tongue formed by the cutting of gles or shingle strips, a series of rectangular apertures in the upper half of said double shingles or shingle strips adapted to be cov-, ered and closed by the tongues bent backwardly toward the top of said double shingles or shingle strips. v a

2. As an article of manufacture a double shingle or shingle strip having a fold running transversely thereof at substantially the center thereof, slots running longitudinally thereof in the lower half of said double shingles or shingle-strips, a tongue formed by the cutting of said slots being bent back toward the upper portion of said double shingles or shingle strips, a series of rectangular apertures in the upper half of said double shingles or shingle strips adapted to be covby the tongues bent backwardly toward the top of said double shingles or shingle strips, and a reinforcing strip running transversely along the butt of said double shingle or shingle strip for reinforcing the tabs formed by said slots in the lower shingle strips, said reinforcing strip being formed downwardly at an angle of substantially 90 degrees with said double shingles or shingle st1'ips, said longitudinal slots extendin into said reinforcing strip a distance substantially equal to the thickness of the stock of said reinforcing strip.

3. As an article of manufacture a shingle strip formed of water-proofed material having a darn running transversely across said shingle strip at approximately the point where the butt of the shingle above will be positioned when laid shingle fashion on a roof and having a strip along the top thereof folded back toward the top surface of said shrnglestrip. said dam and said fold being so positioned that the fold on one shingle a, and the next said shingle or shingle strip,

said slots being bent back to- I ward the upper portion of said double shinsubstantially half of said double shingle or strip will lock withthe dam of the shingle strip superimposed above, and the dam and the folded strip being surfaced with a tacky surfacing.

at. its an article of manufacture a shingle or shingle strip having a. dam formed by a transverse fold of said shingleor shingle strip intermediateof the top and bottom of the fold of said dam being so positioned that the dam of oneof said shingles or shingle strips will register and lock with the folds of a shingle or shingle strip placed above when laid upon aroof, and said dam and said fold having the top surface of the shingle forming said dam and said fold coated with a tacky substance:

5. As an article of manufacture ashingle or shingle strip having a fold running transversely intermediate of the ends thereof, the material forming said fold being coated with a tacky substance, and a strip running transversely along the butt thereof formed downwardly at substantially '90 degrees with said shingle or shingle strip. s

6. As an article of manufacture a shingle or shingle strip having a Z shaped fold at the center of said shingle or shingle strip, a second 2 shaped fold running transversely along the top of said shingle or shingle strip, the mater-ial'of which said shingle or shingle strip is formed being coated with a tacky substance at that portion of the top surface wherein said Z shaped folds are formed. I i

7. As an article of manufacture a shingle 'strip having a dam formed by a transverse fold of said shingle strip intermediate of the top and bottom thereof, a strip along the .top of said shingle strip folded backwardly toward the top surface thereof, said dam and said fold being" so of one of said shingle strips will register and lock with the fold placed above when laid upon a roof shingle fashion, and said, dam and said fold having the top surface of said material forming said dam and said fold coated with a tacky substance. A i

8. As an article of manufacture a shingle strip having adam formed by a transverse fold of said shingle strip intermediate of the top that portion of the fold of said darn wherein, two portions of the top surface of the original strip come together, being pressed tightly and amalgamated, and that portion of the fold forming the darn where two portions of the back surface of the original strip tend to come together being left free to swing as, a hinge.

and bottom of said shingle strip,-

positioned that the dam l 9. As an article of manufacture a shingle 4: I i. 1,209,955 I portion of the fold of said dam wherein two a hinge, and having a strip along the top portions of the top surface of the original' thereof folded back toward the top surface strip come together being pressed tightly of said shingle strip and ada ted to-amalga- 10 and amalgamated, and that portion of the mate with the back surface 0 the fold form- 5" fold forming the damwhere two portions ing the dam ofa similar shingle laid'thereof the back surface of the original strip tend on shingle fashion. to come together being left free to swing as S ILAS M. FORD. 

